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+0.28 Sizing chaos (pudding.cool)
826 points by zdw 6 days ago | 425 comments on HN | Mild positive Editorial · vv3.4 · 2026-02-24
Article Heatmap
Preamble: +0.61 — Preamble P Article 1: +0.51 — Freedom, Equality, Brotherhood 1 Article 2: +0.18 — Non-Discrimination 2 Article 3: +0.33 — Life, Liberty, Security 3 Article 4: 0.00 — No Slavery 4 Article 5: 0.00 — No Torture 5 Article 6: 0.00 — Legal Personhood 6 Article 7: +0.41 — Equality Before Law 7 Article 8: 0.00 — Right to Remedy 8 Article 9: 0.00 — No Arbitrary Detention 9 Article 10: 0.00 — Fair Hearing 10 Article 11: 0.00 — Presumption of Innocence 11 Article 12: +0.31 — Privacy 12 Article 13: +0.48 — Freedom of Movement 13 Article 14: 0.00 — Asylum 14 Article 15: 0.00 — Nationality 15 Article 16: +0.28 — Marriage & Family 16 Article 17: 0.00 — Property 17 Article 18: 0.00 — Freedom of Thought 18 Article 19: +0.61 — Freedom of Expression 19 Article 20: +0.13 — Assembly & Association 20 Article 21: 0.00 — Political Participation 21 Article 22: +0.36 — Social Security 22 Article 23: +0.28 — Work & Equal Pay 23 Article 24: +0.38 — Rest & Leisure 24 Article 25: +0.48 — Standard of Living 25 Article 26: +0.53 — Education 26 Article 27: +0.36 — Cultural Participation 27 Article 28: +0.43 — Social & International Order 28 Article 29: +0.23 — Duties to Community 29 Article 30: 0.00 — No Destruction of Rights 30
Negative Neutral Positive No Data
Aggregates
Weighted Mean +0.28 Unweighted Mean +0.22
Max +0.61 Preamble Min 0.00 Article 4
Signal 31 No Data 0
Confidence 49% Volatility 0.21 (Medium)
Negative 0 Channels E: 0.6 S: 0.4
SETL +0.14 Editorial-dominant
Evidence: High: 2 Medium: 9 Low: 7 No Data: 13
Theme Radar
Foundation Security Legal Privacy & Movement Personal Expression Economic & Social Cultural Order & Duties Foundation: 0.43 (3 articles) Security: 0.11 (3 articles) Legal: 0.07 (6 articles) Privacy & Movement: 0.20 (4 articles) Personal: 0.09 (3 articles) Expression: 0.25 (3 articles) Economic & Social: 0.38 (4 articles) Cultural: 0.45 (2 articles) Order & Duties: 0.22 (3 articles)
Domain Context Profile
Element Modifier Affects Note
Privacy
No privacy policy or data handling information observable on-domain from provided content.
Terms of Service
No terms of service observable on-domain from provided content.
Accessibility +0.10
Article 25 Article 26
Visual data journalism with interactive elements suggests attention to accessibility, but no explicit accessibility statement provided. Modest positive modifier for observable design consideration.
Mission +0.15
Preamble Article 1 Article 19
Pudding.cool is a data journalism publication focused on explanatory visual storytelling. Observable mission toward public information and narrative clarity supports human dignity through informed discourse.
Editorial Code +0.05
Article 19
Data-driven journalism with attributed reporting (Amanda Sakuma, Jan Diehm) suggests editorial standards, but no explicit code observable.
Ownership
No ownership structure information observable from provided content.
Access Model +0.10
Article 25 Article 26
Content appears freely accessible; no paywall or subscription barrier observable, supporting equitable access.
Ad/Tracking
No advertising or tracking mechanisms observable from provided content.
HN Discussion 20 top-level comments
polytely 2026-02-18 22:01 UTC link
Very cool visualization, worked great on firefox mobile too which isn't always the case with these types of things.
ChadNauseam 2026-02-18 22:07 UTC link
Makes me want to learn to sew to make my own clothes. I've wanted to for a while because seams on clothes always bothered me. (Not for taste or fashion, but just because I feel like the technology to make a seamless clothing product must exist.)
observationist 2026-02-18 22:13 UTC link
Why bother with a rational, descriptive, functional system when you can use vaguely aggressive and hostile terms that subtly impugn the buyer and allow incredibly deceptive and manipulative marketing?

And hey, they don't really need pockets, anyway, right?

edit: Really should have used the /s, I guess - women's clothing has some appalling aspects to it, one of which is notoriously tiny pockets, which is a source of frustration for many women. For some, it even comes as a shock when they find out men can do things like put phones in their pockets.

The emotional manipulation surrounding many women's products is a different beast entirely from what men experience, generally.

fishtoaster 2026-02-18 22:16 UTC link
This is a great use of data to make a compelling case that sizing sucks for women's clothing!

I do wish it attempted to answer the question at the end, though: "Sizes are all made up anyway — why can’t we make them better?"

Like, why doesn't the market solve for this? If the median woman can't buy clothing that fits in many brands, surely that's a huge marketing opportunity for any of the thousands of other clothing brands?

This is, to be clear, a sincere question - not a veiled argument against OP or anything! It seems like there are probably some structural or psychological or market forces stopping that from happening and I'd love to understand them. Same with the "womens clothes have no pockets" thing!

jedberg 2026-02-18 22:19 UTC link
Women's sizing is so dumb. They could just provide inches or cm like they do for the men, but for some reason (well for marketing reasons, as discussed extensively in the article), they use these random sizes and numbers that aren't consistent and change over time.

I think this is why stretchy materials are getting more and more popular. The women in my house use stretchy pants almost exclusively, because they are much more forgiving with body shape. As long as the waist fits, the rest will fit well enough.

Waterluvian 2026-02-18 22:23 UTC link
I might have missed this in the scroll format but is there any reason not to drop the qualitative size names and just use an actual dimension or two?
Rendello 2026-02-18 22:27 UTC link
Interesting visualizations, but I don't understand what the thesis is. To me, the conclusion says:

1. Luxury fashion thrives on exclusivity, which is exclusionary.

2. Clothing size standards do not match diverse body types.

3. There is no sizing standard, and companies size however they want.

miav 2026-02-18 22:39 UTC link
It is genuinely incredible how well-fitting clothing is only generally available to some one-third of women who fit well into the anticipated height-waist ratio. Petite options exist in some places, but god forbid you're tall - your choices will be limited to "too short" and "too short and also too wide" if you try to go for a size up.
magneticnorth 2026-02-18 22:44 UTC link
"The average woman’s waistline today is nearly 4 inches wider than it was in the mid-1990s."

I assume they mean circumference rather than diameter, but this is still a shocking increase in only 30 years. I knew the obesity epidemic was an ever-increasing problem, but this really puts it into perspective. I wonder if we'll ever fully understand the causes behind this rapid shift.

Galaco 2026-02-18 22:50 UTC link
At a previous employer this was a problem we identified (and larger retailer customers) had recognised, although for other reasons. We had developed a size recommendation system for them, that used real product measurements in every size and a method of obtaining your body measurements from fully clothed photos. We also offered a statistical average measurement set for those who couldn’t/wouldn’t take photos of themselves (privacy was important to us, and there was no need to undress).

We were able to give details about fit comfort across many measurements for each size, but this feature was basically unused. 99% of users used the statistical average body of themselves instead of themselves, which actually exacerbates the body type problem.

Another interesting thing about the industry and the grading process we learned; many retailers had no measurements for their own clothes except the reference size. This was much more common of higher end brands.

1 last thing; some global brands actually have the same size name on the same product represent a different size in different region (eg an SKU in size S in US may have different measurements to the same SKU in S in Asia)

choilive 2026-02-18 22:56 UTC link
If we can have mass produced fast fashion from runway to store in weeks...

Why not tailored clothing at scale? Have a set of portable body measurements that can be sent to any retailer - make an order and have it sent from factory to door in a week or two.

Or get a size that is close enough - bring it to your neighborhood tailor. Most alterations are simple and not very expensive.

Unfortunately sizing is just a leaky abstraction. You are trying to distill many variables into a single dimension. It will never be particularly great.

_alternator_ 2026-02-19 03:24 UTC link
I just want to say that this is one of the best pieces of data journalism that I have ever seen.
_main 2026-02-19 05:35 UTC link
If you shop online and use raw measurements, then it will both fit and be available.

The real concern I have is how the large majority of westerners are overweight or obese. That's a serious issue way beyond the practicality of buying clothes

speedgoose 2026-02-19 08:25 UTC link
If the author reads this, I think it would be great to use international units as an option, and perhaps by default.

I have no idea about imperial units so it’s a difficult read.

RobotToaster 2026-02-19 09:04 UTC link
There's a European standard designed to fix this, which just uses body measurements, although I've never seen it used. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_European_standard_for_si...
MezzoDelCammin 2026-02-19 10:25 UTC link
For everyone struggling with clothes sizing and having a hacker mindset, I can't recommend enough buying a sewing machine (~100EUR on a used market, ~150 new gets you a reasonable starter one you won't outgrow any time soon) and giving clothes alterations a try.

Finding a tailor that understands you / you agree with is an option too, if time is a hard limit (though I'm not sure it's altogrther that much quicker).

In my case, I started with tailors, but kept running into small misunderstandings. Also, my taste keeps evolving.

Start small with simple stuff, ideally old / second hand cheap clothes. Shirts, T-Shirts and bodice waistlines / "darts" are almost trivial once you can follow a straight line. First one will take a while, second will be much quicker, by third / fourth it's almost a routine and you can start iterating on your own preferences. They likely "will" evolve as you keep wearing the altered clothes.

Depending on how much help you can get in the beginning, with maybe a 2-3h intro on how to use a sewing machine done by a friend who has sewing as a hobby, I'm pretty sure most people should be able to get their first alterations done within 4-5h. By second or third attempt, this time should be down to around 1h per item, including some setup (pinning - trying - ironing). At that point the DIY option is probably quicker than going to a tailor.

belZaah 2026-02-19 10:50 UTC link
What ticks me off in this is the statement, that a certain body shape is “unattainable for most”. I’m pretty sure the author does not have the data to back this up. Difficult? Yes. Requiring commitment? Absolutely. Unattainable? No. I really don’t care what body shape anyone is comfortable with. But as someone, who has struggled hard all his life not to be obese, I find it irresponsible to outright declare something that’s absolutely doable by anyone as “unattainable”. Being able to attain it might be someone’s only hope and it’s just wrong to take it away.
jakub_g 2026-02-19 11:15 UTC link
Semi-related thing that suprises me as a man (this is in Europe):

I go to a clothing shop at the start of a new collection, and look at men's shirts for a given type:

- there's 10 XS, 10 M, 10 XXL versions

I go towards end of the season:

- there's like 1 M remaining, but 8 XS, 8 XXL.

Like if they were surprised and had no data that most population is M.

tantalor 2026-02-19 13:27 UTC link
I wish people would stop with the scrollytelling for data pieces like this. It does not help the case, and distracts more than anything.
abustamam 2026-02-19 13:46 UTC link
My wife is petite (4'11") and always struggled to find clothes that fit her. She dresses conservatively because we're Muslim but she doesn't really like wearing the long gowns that many Muslim women wear, so she wears jeans and long sleeved shirts.

Anuway, she always struggled to find clothes that fit her well because she's small. Her uncle had to tailor a lot of her clothes growing up. A while back she found a fashion-as-a-service called Short Story, which markets itself for petite women; it basically sends her clothes every X-months and she tries them on and send back the ones she doesn't like or fit, tells her stylist why she is sending them back, and pays for the ones she keeps. Every time she keeps something from them she donates something from her wardrobe (net zero is the goal). And she looks great in them! They're fashionable (to the degree that my dev opinion on fashion matters), modest, and most importantly they fit her well.

Disclosure: I interviewed with Short Story last year as a consulting role but it didn't pan out.

Score Breakdown
+0.61
Preamble Preamble
Medium A: dignity and equal worth F: systemic design affects population groups differently C: addresses lived experience of marginalized group
Editorial
+0.45
Structural
+0.35
SETL
+0.21
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Editorial content acknowledges human dignity of girls/women through personal narrative and emphasizes equal access to functioning clothing systems. Structural access via free publication. Context modifier reflects mission and editorial standards.

+0.51
Article 1 Freedom, Equality, Brotherhood
Medium A: equal rights regardless of gender F: systemic inequity in women's sizing as dignity issue
Editorial
+0.40
Structural
+0.30
SETL
+0.20
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content treats women's sizing disparities as a structural problem affecting equal access to basic necessities (clothing). Implies equal treatment should extend to functional design for diverse bodies.

+0.18
Article 2 Non-Discrimination
Low
Editorial
+0.20
Structural
+0.15
SETL
+0.10
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not directly address nationality, citizenship, or immigration status. Not applicable to article scope.

+0.33
Article 3 Life, Liberty, Security
Low A: right to security of person F: design systems fail to provide equitable access
Editorial
+0.25
Structural
+0.20
SETL
+0.11
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Implicit connection: systemic sizing failures create frustration and affect girls' sense of security/comfort in public spaces and self-expression during vulnerable adolescent years.

0.00
Article 4 No Slavery
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address slavery or servitude.

0.00
Article 5 No Torture
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address torture or cruel punishment.

0.00
Article 6 Legal Personhood
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address right to legal personhood.

+0.41
Article 7 Equality Before Law
Medium A: equal protection before law/systems F: clothing industry creates tiered/unequal access
Editorial
+0.35
Structural
+0.25
SETL
+0.19
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content highlights how commercial sizing systems create unequal protection/access based on body type, implicitly advocating for equal treatment by standardized systems.

0.00
Article 8 Right to Remedy
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address effective remedy for rights violations by competent authorities.

0.00
Article 9 No Arbitrary Detention
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address arbitrary arrest or detention.

0.00
Article 10 Fair Hearing
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address fair and public hearing by independent tribunal.

0.00
Article 11 Presumption of Innocence
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address criminal procedure or burden of proof.

+0.31
Article 12 Privacy
Low F: systemic design fails to respect privacy of body/fit C: women's sizing demands expose body insecurity
Editorial
+0.30
Structural
+0.20
SETL
+0.17
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Implicit: the shopping/fitting experience described involves privacy concerns (dressing rooms, body exposure). Content acknowledges this as a persistent problem in women's lives.

+0.48
Article 13 Freedom of Movement
Medium A: freedom of movement within country F: systemic barriers affect participation in commerce/society
Editorial
+0.40
Structural
+0.35
SETL
+0.14
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content describes how clothing sizing failures restrict girls'/women's ability to participate equally in shopping/self-expression, an aspect of freedom of movement and social participation.

0.00
Article 14 Asylum
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address asylum or refuge.

0.00
Article 15 Nationality
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address nationality.

+0.28
Article 16 Marriage & Family
Low F: gender-based design systems affect family/marriage considerations
Editorial
+0.25
Structural
+0.20
SETL
+0.11
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Tangential: content focuses on girls entering adulthood via sizing milestones, which relates to transitions affecting family/personal identity, though marriage/family are not explicitly discussed.

0.00
Article 17 Property
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address property ownership or dispossession.

0.00
Article 18 Freedom of Thought
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.

+0.61
Article 19 Freedom of Expression
High A: freedom of opinion and expression through data journalism P: free access to information without barriers C: gives voice to women's lived experience
Editorial
+0.50
Structural
+0.40
SETL
+0.22
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Core function: data journalism article freely published, providing information and analysis about systemic issues affecting women. Editorial transparency (bylines, methodology via visualization) supports informed discourse. Mission-aligned with Article 19 values.

+0.13
Article 20 Assembly & Association
Low F: implicitly supports right of assembly through discussion of systemic barriers
Editorial
+0.15
Structural
+0.10
SETL
+0.09
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

No direct observable content on freedom of assembly or association. Content does not address article scope.

0.00
Article 21 Political Participation
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address participation in government or public affairs.

+0.36
Article 22 Social Security
Medium F: systemic design failures limit women's social participation A: right to social security and realization of rights
Editorial
+0.30
Structural
+0.25
SETL
+0.12
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content describes how clothing/sizing systems affect women's ability to participate in social, economic, and cultural life. Systemic inequity limits realization of social rights.

+0.28
Article 23 Work & Equal Pay
Low F: gender-based design affects women's economic participation
Editorial
+0.25
Structural
+0.20
SETL
+0.11
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Peripheral: shopping/commerce discussed as social activity affecting girls/women, but no direct content on work, wages, or labor.

+0.38
Article 24 Rest & Leisure
Medium A: right to rest and leisure F: systemic barriers limit leisure/self-expression
Editorial
+0.30
Structural
+0.25
SETL
+0.12
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content discusses shopping as a leisure/self-expression activity for girls/women. Sizing failures create barriers to equal enjoyment of this leisure right.

+0.48
Article 25 Standard of Living
Medium A: right to standard of living adequate for health F: clothing (basic necessity) design fails vulnerable populations
Editorial
+0.35
Structural
+0.30
SETL
+0.13
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Clothing is a basic necessity for dignity and health. Content highlights how sizing systems fail to provide adequate fit for girls/women, affecting standard of living. Free access to information about this issue supports informed rights awareness.

+0.53
Article 26 Education
High A: right to education and self-development C: provides data literacy and systemic awareness P: free access supports informed citizenship
Editorial
+0.40
Structural
+0.35
SETL
+0.14
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content educates public about systemic sizing inequities through data visualization. Supports informed decision-making and understanding of how systems fail girls/women. Free access ensures equitable information access.

+0.36
Article 27 Cultural Participation
Medium A: participation in cultural life F: systemic barriers limit equal cultural participation
Editorial
+0.30
Structural
+0.25
SETL
+0.12
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Fashion and shopping are forms of cultural participation and self-expression. Content highlights how sizing failures exclude girls/women from equal cultural participation through clothing/fashion.

+0.43
Article 28 Social & International Order
Medium A: right to social and international order F: data journalism supports systemic awareness and accountability
Editorial
+0.35
Structural
+0.30
SETL
+0.13
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content contributes to establishing a social order where systemic inequities are visible and understood. Data journalism supports informed public discourse about industry standards and accountability.

+0.23
Article 29 Duties to Community
Low F: implicit tension between commercial interest and community welfare
Editorial
+0.20
Structural
+0.15
SETL
+0.10
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content implicitly critiques sizing systems that prioritize profit over fit, suggesting tension between duties to community and commercial interests. No direct observable assertion of duties or limitations.

0.00
Article 30 No Destruction of Rights
Editorial
0.00
Structural
0.00
SETL
ND
Combined
ND
Context Modifier
ND

Content does not address prohibition of destruction or limitation of rights. No observable content.

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build fc56cf0+0q5s · 2026-02-25 01:32 UTC